Technology ·
IBM与芝加哥大学展示经验证的量子优势 使用纠错逻辑量子比特
IBM与芝加哥大学研究人员利用70个纠错逻辑量子比特,在约15分钟内完成了一项量子计算,该任务超出了主流经典模拟方法的实际能力范围,同时还验证了结果的准确性。
本文由AI根据下方引用的来源综合生成。
IBM与芝加哥大学研究人员于7月30日宣布,他们展示了所谓真正的量子优势:一项计算超出了最佳经典模拟方法的实际能力范围,同时还提供了可验证的结果准确性保证。这一成果详见一篇题为《对具有可验证高保真度的困难电路进行采样》的论文,解决了此前量子优势声明所面临的一个难题——即当没有经典计算机能够通过简单重复计算来验证结果时,如何证明结果的准确性。
研究团队使用一种新的纠错方法编码了70个逻辑量子比特,使其免受通常会破坏量子计算的噪声干扰,并利用这些量子比特执行了2415次逻辑双量子比特操作和468个逻辑“T门”,这两项都是衡量量子电路复杂程度的基准。整个计算在大约15分钟内完成,研究人员表示,若使用主流经典计算方法,完成该任务所需时间将是不可行的。值得注意的是,所实现的逻辑错误率比底层物理错误率低约十倍,这表明即使在大规模条件下,纠错方案本身也按预期运作。
这一成果被称为迄今为止规模最大的纠错演示之一,也是朝着可被信赖用于超出普通超级计算机能力范围问题的量子计算机迈出的一步,而不仅仅是在难以验证的小众任务上速度更快。研究人员表示,与计算本身一同开发的验证方法,而非单纯使用的量子比特规模,才是这一成果区别于此前面临可信度质疑的量子优势声明的关键所在。
Key facts
- IBM and University of Chicago announced the result on July 30
- The computation used 70 error-corrected logical qubits
- It finished in about 15 minutes, infeasible for classical methods
- The logical error rate was about 10 times lower than the physical error rate
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