Science ·
气候变化增强太平洋模式 厄尔尼诺现象强度创千年之最
一项分析加拉帕戈斯群岛珊瑚千年记录的研究发现,过去40年的厄尔尼诺事件强度比工业化前的任何时期都强近40%,为气候变化加剧这一模式提供了迄今最清晰的证据之一。
本文由AI根据下方引用的来源综合生成。
发表于《科学》期刊的一项研究发现,过去40年的厄尔尼诺事件强度大幅超过此前1000年间记录的任何一次,有力证明人为造成的气候变化正在增强这一天然太平洋气候模式。密歇根大学的研究人员通过分析取自加拉帕戈斯群岛的珊瑚岩芯中的化学特征,重建了一千年来的厄尔尼诺活动记录。
珊瑚每年通过分泌碳酸钙层生长1至2厘米,这些珊瑚层的化学成分保留了每层形成时海面温度的记录。通过对13块珊瑚(包括存活的和早已死亡的)取样,研究人员得以拼凑出一份可追溯约1000年的连续厄尔尼诺强度记录,远早于人类在1850年前后开始通过温室气体排放显著改变气候之前。
分析发现,过去四十年的厄尔尼诺事件强度比此前几个世纪的平均水平强近40%。关键的是,仅考虑火山喷发和太阳活动变化等自然驱动因素的气候模拟未能重现这种增强现象,而纳入人为变暖因素的模拟则能够重现——研究人员将这一模式描述为令人信服的证据,表明这一趋势的背后是温室气体排放,而非自然变率。
Key facts
- El Niño events over the past 40 years are nearly 40% stronger than any in the previous 1,000 years
- Researchers reconstructed the record using chemical signatures in 13 Galápagos coral cores
- The study was published in the journal Science
- Climate simulations link the intensification specifically to human-caused greenhouse gas emissions
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